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| Synergies between one-dimensional (1D) and multi-D simulations of massive stars: 321D approach |
| Raphael Hirshi |
| Keele University; UK |
| Stars play a key role in the Cosmos through the light they shine, the chemical elements they produce and the kinetic energy they inject into their surroundings via winds and supernova explosions. For many decades, our understanding of the structure, evolution and fate of stars has greatly benefitted from comparing spherically symmetric, one-dimensional (1D) theoretical models to a variety of observations. The large increase in the number and quality of observations combined with the advent of asteroseismology probing the interior of stars, however, has exposed the limitation of 1D models. The increasing computing power available has now reached the point where significant fractions of a star and for an increasing duration can be simulated in 3D using realistic stellar conditions, which represents the dawn of multi-D stellar evolution and nucleosynthesis modelling of stars. In this talk, I will first review some of the successes and most critical limitations of 1D models. I will then introduce the 321D framework, which combines the strengths of 1D and 3D modelling of stars. Finally, I will present recent results of 3D simulations on convection and nucleosynthesis and discuss the impact these are likely to have on the fate of massive stars. |