Massive White Dwarfs and the Initial-Final Mass Relation

Jeffrey Cummings
Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore


The initial-final mass relation (IFMR) is a direct comparison of the mass a star forms with on the main sequence to its final mass as a white dwarf. This relation provides a critical constraint for our understanding of stellar evolution and mass loss, and how these are dependent on initial mass. The IFMR is derived by analyzing white dwarfs that are members of star clusters, which gives the necessary information to infer the progenitor mass of each white dwarf. Longstanding limitations in this semi-empirical relationship were due to large scatter and a lack of the both faint and rare high-mass white dwarfs (> 1.0 Msun). Our ongoing project has so far discovered a large sample of both intermediate- and high-mass white dwarf cluster members. Combining these data with our uniform reanalysis of both white dwarfs spectroscopically observed by other groups, in addition to detailed reanalysis of the open cluster parameters, has significantly decreased the large scatter previously observed in the IFMR and has begun to constrain the IFMR at increasingly higher masses.