The cores of massive neutron stars: the laboratory for unifying general relativity and quantum field theory

Ahmad A. Hujeirat
University of Heidelberg


Astronomical observations reveal a gap in the mass distribution of relativistic objects: neither black holes nor neutron stars with masses between two and five solar masses have ever been observed. Based on the solution of the TOV equation, modified to include scalar fields and in combination with Quantum Chromodynamics (QCD), we propose a new class of invisible dark energy objects (DEOs), whose mass-range covers this gap properly. It turns out that the eternal state of nuclear matter inside massive NSs is incompressible quark-superfluids, where the particles moves almost freely in line with the asymptotic freedom of QCD. Unlike normal astronomical objects, the environs inside DEOs are fairly flat, but surrounded by strongly curved spacetime. The consequence is that DEOs are practically invisible and therefore observationally indistinguishable from isolated and inactive stellar black holes.